Differential mucosal IL-10-induced immunoregulation of innate immune responses occurs in influenza infected infants/toddlers and adults

Immunol Cell Biol. 2017 Mar;95(3):252-260. doi: 10.1038/icb.2016.91. Epub 2016 Sep 15.

Abstract

Young children (<5 years of age but especially those <2-year old) exhibit high rates of morbidity and frequently require hospitalizations due to complications from respiratory viral infections. This is also a population for which we understand less about how their unique level of immunological maturation affects their antiviral immune responses. However, we do know from prior studies that their T cells appear to apoptose in the lungs owing to limited interferon (IFN)γ autocrine signaling during infection. To begin to further understand additional limits, we utilized an infant/toddler murine model infected with influenza virus with an adult comparator. In our model, young mice exhibited lower interleukin (IL)-10+IFNγ+ co-producing CD4 T cells infiltrating the lungs that paralleled with a failed switch from an innate to adaptive immune response at the mid infection stage. Specifically, limited co-IL-10 production correlated with a lack of influenza-specific antibodies and subsequent complement receptor signaling (complement receptor type-1 related gene Y (CCRY)/p65) to the lung infiltrating CD4 T cells therefore limiting their IKAROs upregulation. Thus, limited IL-10 production appeared to diminish signaling to lung macrophages to stop accumulating late into infection. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role for complement mediated signaling in CD4 T cells with respect to IL-10 co-production. Furthermore, a subsequent failure to shift from the unfocused innate immune response to the specific adaptive responses may be a principle cause in the enhanced morbidity common in respiratory viral infection of young children.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aging / pathology*
  • Animals
  • Antibody Specificity / immunology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Feedback, Physiological
  • Female
  • Ikaros Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Interleukin-10 / blood
  • Interleukin-10 / metabolism*
  • Kinetics
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
  • Macrophages / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mucous Membrane / immunology*
  • Mucous Membrane / virology*
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology*
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / pathology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology*
  • Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1 / metabolism
  • Receptors, Complement / metabolism

Substances

  • Prdm1 protein, mouse
  • Receptors, Complement
  • Zfpn1a1 protein, mouse
  • Interleukin-10
  • Ikaros Transcription Factor
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1