It is suggested that Bovine kobuvirus (BKV) is involved in the etiology of gastroenteric diseases especially among calves; however, this association remains unknown. This study evaluated 216 fecal samples from cattle with and without diarrhea symptoms obtained from different regions of Brazil. A 216 bp fragment of the BKV 3D gene was amplified by RT-PCR in 14.4 % (31/216) of the studied samples, and 17 samples were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. All positive samples were obtained from animals aged less than 5 months, and most of animals presented diarrhea (p < 0.05). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the obtained sequences were grouped within the genogroup 2 of BKV forming subclades specific for each Brazilian municipality sampled. In addition, the alignment of the sequences revealed differences of nucleotides between sequences from different locations. Our results indicate for the first time that there is a regional genotypic differentiation of BKV in Brazil.
Keywords: Cattle diseases; Diarrhea; Molecular epidemiology; Picornavirus.