Suicide Probability in Adolescents With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: The Role of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Forms of Self-Criticism

Hamid Khanipour; Mitra Hakim Shooshtari; Reza Bidaki

doi:10.5812/ijhrba.23675

Suicide Probability in Adolescents With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: The Role of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Forms of Self-Criticism

Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2016 Jan 25;5(2):e23675. doi: 10.5812/ijhrba.23675. eCollection 2016 Jun.

Authors

Hamid Khanipour¹, Mitra Hakim Shooshtari², Reza Bidaki³

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Educational, Psychological and Social Research, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IR Iran.
² Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Mental Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Research Center of Diabetes, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.

Abstract

Background: Suicidal attempt and non-suicidal self-injury are very common in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment. By identifying correlates of these kinds of high-risk behaviors, it is possible to prevent and decrease completed suicide.

Objectives: The aims of this study were: 1) to compare adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment with non-suicidal self injury (NSSI) or past suicidal attempt in terms of suicide probability, and 2) to investigate the association between NSSI, forms of self-criticism, emotion regulation difficulties, and suicide probability.

Patients and methods: Participants were 169 adolescents living in Iranian social welfare centers who had a history of childhood maltreatment. The Suicide Probability Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Forms of Self-criticism, and the Non-Suicidal Self injury (NSSI) checklist were used for assessment.

Results: Adolescents with NSSI and suicidal attempts had higher rates of suicide ideation than adolescents with NSSI-only (P < 0.05). Feelings of inadequacy, self-hatred, difficulty with impulse control, and frequency of NSSI can predict 50% variance of suicide probability (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Adolescents with histories of suicidal attempts and NSSI, compared with adolescents with NSSI-only, were more prone to suicide. Self-criticism, poor impulse control, and the frequency of NSSI were the main risk factors associated with suicide probability in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.

Keywords: Emotional Disturbances; Self-Criticisms; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide.