Protein-protein interactions are fundamental for virtually all functions of the cell. A large fraction of these interactions involve short peptide motifs, and there has been increased interest in targeting them using peptide-based therapeutics. Peptides benefit from being specific, relatively safe, and easy to produce. They are also easy to modify using chemical synthesis and molecular biology techniques. However, significant challenges remain regarding the use of peptides as therapeutic agents. Identification of peptide motifs is difficult, and peptides typically display low cell permeability and sensitivity to enzymatic degradation. In this review, we outline the principal high-throughput methodologies for motif discovery and describe current methods for overcoming pharmacokinetic and bioavailability limitations.
Keywords: cell-penetrating peptides; cyclic peptides; d-amino acids; drug discovery; lentivirus delivery; liposomes; mRNA display; nanotubes; noncanonical amino acids; peptide arrays; peptidomimetics; phage display; ribosome display; stapled peptides; yeast display.