Crystallographic Structure of Truncated CCL21 and the Putative Sulfotyrosine-Binding Site

Biochemistry. 2016 Oct 11;55(40):5746-5753. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00304. Epub 2016 Sep 26.

Abstract

CCL21 chemokine binds the G protein-coupled receptor CCR7, aiding not only in immune response but also in cancer metastasis. Compared with other chemokines, CCL21 has a unique extended unstructured C-terminus that is truncated in some naturally occurring variants. We have determined the X-ray crystallographic structure of a truncated CCL21 (residues 1-79) lacking the extended C-terminus and identified, via two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a putative sulfotyrosine-binding site that may recognize such post-translationally modified tyrosine residues on the receptor. Compared to the previously determined NMR structure of full-length CCL21, the crystal structure presents new druggable binding hot spots resulting from an alternative N-loop conformation. In addition, whereas the previous NMR structure did not provide any structural information after residue 70, the C-terminus of the truncated CCL21, ordered up to Ala77 in our crystal structure, is placed near the N-loop and sulfotyrosine-binding site, indicating that the extended C-terminus of full-length CCL21 can interact with this important region for receptor binding. These observations suggest a potential origin for the autoinhibition of CCL21 activity that was recently described. The new crystal structure and binding hot spot analysis have important implications for the function of the CCL21 C-terminus and drug discovery.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Chemokine CCL21 / chemistry*
  • Chemokine CCL21 / metabolism
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Protein Conformation
  • Tyrosine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Tyrosine / metabolism

Substances

  • Chemokine CCL21
  • tyrosine O-sulfate
  • Tyrosine