Inherited aortopathy, which is characterized by a high risk of fatal aortic aneurysms/dissections, can occur secondarily to several syndromes. To identify genetic mutations and help make a precise diagnosis, we designed a gene panel containing 15 genes responsible for inherited aortopathy and tested 248 probands with aortic disease or Marfan syndrome. The results showed that 92 individuals (37.1%) tested positive for a (likely) pathogenic mutation, most of which were FBN1 mutations. We found that patients with a FBN1 truncating or splicing mutation were more prone to developing severe aortic disease or valvular disease. To date, this is the largest reported cohort of Chinese patients with aortic disease who have undergone genetic testing. Therefore, it can serve as a considerable dataset of next generation sequencing data analysis of Chinese population with inherited aortopathy. Additionally, according to the accumulated data, we optimized the analysis pipeline by adding quality control steps and lowering the false positive rate.