Combined Neurotrauma Models: Experimental Models Combining Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Insults

Dennis W Simon; Vincent M Vagni; Patrick M Kochanek; Robert S B Clark

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_22

Combined Neurotrauma Models: Experimental Models Combining Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Insults

Methods Mol Biol. 2016:1462:393-411. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_22.

Authors

Dennis W Simon^{1

2

3}, Vincent M Vagni³, Patrick M Kochanek^{1

2

3

4}, Robert S B Clark^{5

6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
² Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
³ Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁵ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA. clarkrs@ccm.upmc.edu.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. clarkrs@ccm.upmc.edu.
⁷ Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. clarkrs@ccm.upmc.edu.
⁸ The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. clarkrs@ccm.upmc.edu.

PMID: 27604730
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_22

Abstract

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently present with concomitant injuries that may cause secondary brain injury and impact outcomes. Animal models have been developed that combine contemporary models of TBI with a secondary neurologic insult such as hypoxia, shock, long bone fracture, and radiation exposure. Combined injury models may be particularly useful when modeling treatment strategies and in efforts to map basic research to a heterogeneous patient population. Here, we review these models and their collective contribution to the literature on TBI. In addition, we provide protocols and notes for two well-characterized models of TBI plus hemorrhagic shock.

Keywords: Combined injury model; Controlled cortical impact; Hemorrhagic shock; Hypoxia; Secondary brain injury; Traumatic brain injury.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Animals
Brain Injuries / etiology
Brain Injuries / pathology
Brain Injuries, Traumatic / etiology
Brain Injuries, Traumatic / pathology
Craniospinal Irradiation / adverse effects
Disease Models, Animal*
Hypotension / complications
Hypoxia / complications
Mice
Trauma, Nervous System / etiology*
Trauma, Nervous System / pathology*