In Vitro Biocompatibility of Si Alloyed Multi-Principal Element Carbide Coatings

PLoS One. 2016 Aug 29;11(8):e0161151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161151. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

In the current study, we have examined the possibility to improve the biocompatibility of the (TiZrNbTaHf)C through replacement of either Ti or Ta by Si. The coatings were deposited on Si and 316L stainless steel substrates by magnetron sputtering in an Ar+CH4 mixed atmosphere and were examined for elemental composition, chemical bonds, surface topography, surface electrical charge and biocompatible characteristics. The net surface charge was evaluated at nano and macroscopic scale by measuring the electrical potential and work function, respectively. The biocompatible tests comprised determination of cell viability and cell attachment to the coated surface. The deposited coatings had C/(metal+Si) ratios close to unity, while a mixture of metallic carbide, free-carbon and oxidized species formed on the film surface. The coatings' surfaces were smooth and no influence of surface roughness on electrical charge or biocompatibility was found. The biocompatible characteristics correlated well with the electrical potential/work function, suggesting a significant role of surface charge in improving biocompatibility, particularly cell attachment to coating's surface. Replacement of either Ti or Ta by Si in the (TiZrNbTaHf)C coating led to an enhanced surface electrical charge, as well as to superior biocompatible properties, with best results for the (TiZrNbSiHf)C coating.

MeSH terms

  • Alloys / adverse effects
  • Alloys / chemistry*
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible / adverse effects
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible / chemistry*
  • Materials Testing
  • Silicon / chemistry*
  • Surface Properties
  • Tantalum / adverse effects
  • Tantalum / chemistry*
  • Titanium / adverse effects
  • Titanium / chemistry*
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Alloys
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible
  • Tantalum
  • Titanium
  • Silicon

Grants and funding

This work was funded by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-1016. Part of the analysis were carried out by using the equipment acquired by the infrastructure project INOVA-OPTIMA SMIS code 49164, contract no. 658/2014. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.