microRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for fine tuning the normal expression of RNA networks in human cells. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that abnormally expressed miRNAs have pivotal roles in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Specifically, expression signatures of miRNAs in HNSCC have revealed dysregulated production of miRNAs and the resultant abnormal production of mRNAs and proteins. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding aberrantly expressed miRNAs and their contribution to HNSCC molecular pathogenesis.