Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which target and regulate the expression of genes involved in several growth, development, and metabolism processes. The miR169 family is the largest and most conserved miRNA family in plants. Recent researches have shown involvement of miR169 members in the regulation of plant responding to abiotic stress and development. Computational prediction and experimental analyses suggest that miR169 targets members of the transcription factor NF-YA gene family. In this review, we summarize the origins, evolution and diversity of miR169 family members. In addition, a comprehensive understanding the regulatory functions of the miR169/NF-YA module in plant with particular emphasis on stress-induced flowering is discussed.