Model-supported phototrophic growth studies with Scenedesmus obtusiusculus in a flat-plate photobioreactor

Abstract

Light-dependent growth of microalgae can vary remarkably depending on the cultivation system and microalgal strain. Cell size and the pigmentation of each strain, as well as reactor geometry have a great impact on absorption and scattering behavior within a photobioreactor. In this study, the light-dependent, cell-specific growth kinetics of a novel green algae isolate, Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, was studied in a LED-illuminated flat-plate photobioreactor on a lab-scale (1.8 L, 0.09 m² ). First, pH-controlled batch processes were performed with S. obtusiusculus at different constant incident photon flux densities. The best performance was achieved by illuminating S. obtusiusculus with 1400 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1 at the surface of the flat-plate photobioreactor, resulting in the highest biomass concentration (4.95 ± 0.16 g_CDW L^-1 within 3.5 d) and the highest specific growth rate (0.22 h^-1 ). The experimental data were used to identify the kinetic parameters of different growth models considering light inhibition for S. obtusiusculus. Light attenuation within the flat-plate photobioreactor was considered by varying light transfer models. Based on the identified kinetic growth model of S. obtusiusculus, an optimum growth rate of 0.22 h^-1 was estimated at a mean integral photon flux density of 1072 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1 with the Beer-Lambert law and 1590 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1 with Schuster's light transfer model in the flat-plate photobioreactor. LED illumination was, thus, increased to keep the identified optimum mean integral photon flux density constant in the batch process assuming Schuster's light transfer model. Compared to the same constant incident photon flux density (1590 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1 ), biomass concentration was up to 24% higher using the lighting profile until a dry cell mass concentration of 14.4 ± 1.4 g_CDW L^-1 was reached. Afterward, the biomass concentration remained constant, whereas cell growth continued in the batch process with constant incident photon flux density. Finally, biomass concentration was 15.5 ± 1.5 g_CDW L^-1 and, thus, 7% higher compared to the corresponding batch process with lighting profile. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 308-320. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Keywords: Scenedesmus obtusiusculus; flat-plate photobioreactor; growth kinetics; light attenuation model; photodamage.