Multiple Cerebral Infarctions in a Patient with Adenomyosis on Hormone Replacement Therapy: A Case Report

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 Oct;25(10):e183-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.024. Epub 2016 Aug 9.

Abstract

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of repeated episodes of bilateral hand weakness. She had a 10-year history of combined estrogen-progestin therapy for menopausal symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging on admission showed multiple hyperintense lesions in bilateral cerebral and cerebellar cortices on diffusion-weighted imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography showed thrombus formation on the aortic valve and moderate aortic insufficiency. Laboratory test demonstrated elevated CA125 (334.8 U/mL) and D-dimer (7.0 µg/mL) levels. Trousseau's syndrome (cancer-related hypercoagulation) was considered, but various examinations showed only uterine adenomyosis and no evidence of cancer. Multiple cerebral infarctions were considered to be caused by Trousseau's syndrome-like condition associated with uterine adenomyosis. CA125 and coagulation markers should be measured in adenomyosis patients treated with hormone replacement therapy, because a mucinous tumor and coagulation markers may be good markers for the risk of thromboembolism in such patients.

Keywords: Ischemic stroke; adenomyosis; hormone replacement therapy; hypercoagulability; nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adenomyosis / blood
  • Adenomyosis / complications*
  • Adenomyosis / diagnosis
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Coagulation* / drug effects
  • CA-125 Antigen / blood
  • Cerebral Infarction / blood
  • Cerebral Infarction / diagnostic imaging
  • Cerebral Infarction / etiology*
  • Cerebral Infarction / physiopathology
  • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Echocardiography, Transesophageal
  • Estrogen Replacement Therapy* / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis
  • Hand / innervation*
  • Humans
  • Membrane Proteins / blood
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Thrombophilia / blood
  • Thrombophilia / diagnosis
  • Thrombophilia / etiology*

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • CA-125 Antigen
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
  • MUC16 protein, human
  • Membrane Proteins
  • fibrin fragment D