A rapid method for the simultaneous quantification of the major tocopherols, carotenoids, free and esterified sterols in canola (Brassica napus) oil using normal phase liquid chromatography

Clare L Flakelar; Paul D Prenzler; David J Luckett; Julia A Howitt; Gregory Doran

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.059

A rapid method for the simultaneous quantification of the major tocopherols, carotenoids, free and esterified sterols in canola (Brassica napus) oil using normal phase liquid chromatography

Food Chem. 2017 Jan 1:214:147-155. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.059. Epub 2016 Jul 11.

Authors

Clare L Flakelar¹, Paul D Prenzler², David J Luckett³, Julia A Howitt⁴, Gregory Doran²

Affiliations

¹ School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An Alliance Between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2795, Australia. Electronic address: cflakelar@csu.edu.au.
² School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An Alliance Between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2795, Australia.
³ Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An Alliance Between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2795, Australia; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga 2650, NSW, Australia.
⁴ School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.

PMID: 27507459
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.059

Abstract

A normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to simultaneously quantify several prominent bioactive compounds in canola oil vis. α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, β-sitosterol, campesterol and brassicasterol. The use of sequential diode array detection (DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed direct injection of oils, diluted in hexane without derivatisation or saponification, greatly reducing sample preparation time, and permitting the quantification of both free sterols and intact sterol esters. Further advantages over existing methods included increased analytical selectivity, and a chromatographic run time substantially less than other reported normal phase methods. The HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was applied to freshly extracted canola oil samples as well as commercially available canola, palm fruit, sunflower and olive oils.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds; Brassicasterol (PubChem CID: 5281327); Campesterol (PubChem CID: 173183); Edible oil; Free and esterified sterols; High performance liquid chromatography; Lutein (PubChem CID: 5281243); Simultaneous analysis; Tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry; α-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 14985); β-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489); β-Sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284); γ-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 92729); δ-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 92094).

MeSH terms

Brassica napus / chemistry*
Carotenoids / analysis*
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods*
Chromatography, Liquid / methods
Plant Oils / chemistry
Sterols / analysis*
Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods*
Tocopherols / analysis*

Substances

Plant Oils
Sterols
Carotenoids
Tocopherols