Effects of Exposure to the Sound from Seismic Airguns on Pallid Sturgeon and Paddlefish

PLoS One. 2016 Aug 9;11(8):e0159486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159486. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

This study examined the effects of exposure to a single acoustic pulse from a seismic airgun array on caged endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and on paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in Lake Sakakawea (North Dakota, USA). The experiment was designed to detect the onset of physiological responses including minor to mortal injuries. Experimental fish were held in cages as close as 1 to 3 m from the guns where peak negative sound pressure levels (Peak- SPL) reached 231 dB re 1 μPa (205 dB re 1 μPa2·s sound exposure level [SEL]). Additional cages were placed at greater distances in an attempt to develop a dose-response relationship. Treatment and control fish were then monitored for seven days, euthanized, and necropsied to determine injuries. Necropsy results indicated that the probability of delayed mortality associated with pulse pressure following the seven day monitoring period was the same for exposed and control fish of both species. Exposure to a single pulse from a small air gun array (10,160 cm3) was not lethal for pallid sturgeon and paddlefish. However, the risks from exposure to multiple sounds and to sound exposure levels that exceed those reported here remain to be examined.

MeSH terms

  • Acoustics
  • Air*
  • Animals
  • Earth, Planet*
  • Fishes* / injuries
  • Sound / adverse effects*

Grants and funding

Funds were provided by the Hess Corporation. This was under a corporate contract to CSA Inc. which then organized the project [https://www.conshelf.com/]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript or conclusions reached in the ms. Several Hess employees helped in various logistical aspects of the project but ONLY in a technical sense since the logistics of the project was highly complex and needed specialized assistance (e.g., managing the seismic air gun). No Hess employee was party to any aspect of the project from design to data analysis and reaching conclusions. The other organizations listed as providing funding only did this in the form of salaries for authors that was derived from subcontracts with CSA [JAG, TJC, JVY, ADH, DZ], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.