Abstract
Gastroesophageal carcinomas (GACs) are a significant problem worldwide, and despite many attempts to improve the outcomes of patients with these tumors, little progress has been made over the last several decades. In the past decade, only transtuzumab and ramucirumab, two drugs with marginal clinical benefit, have been approved for the treatment of patients with GACs. After second-line therapy, most treatment options are generally ineffective. Prior studies in this disease have been largely empiric, using unselected patient populations. More recently, detailed somatic genotyping, enrichment of patients based on biomarkers, and pharmacokinetic studies have opened new avenues for developing treatment options in patients with GAC.
MeSH terms
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Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
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Adenocarcinoma / genetics*
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Adenocarcinoma / immunology*
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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Drug Discovery
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Esophagogastric Junction*
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Genomics
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Humans
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Immunotherapy
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Molecular Targeted Therapy
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / metabolism
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Ramucirumab
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Stomach Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Stomach Neoplasms / genetics*
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Stomach Neoplasms / immunology*
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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MET protein, human
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met