Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab in combination with laser photocoagulation in the management of Coats disease.
Method: Six intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg (0.05 mL) ranibizumab were performed, each 4 weeks apart. Correspondence to therapy was evaluated using visual acuity measurements and optical coherence tomography images. Six months after the initiation of treatment, laser photocoagulation was applied on the telangiectasias and on the surrounding ischemic areas, followed by a single intravitreal ranibizumab injection. Three months later, laser photocoagulation was repeated in purpose to prevent recurrence.
Results: In the sixth month, no improvement in visual acuity was recorded, as thick circinate hard exudates still remained in the submacular space. Nevertheless, retinal detachment had completely subsided, and fluorescein angiography showed a significant decrease of leakage from the telangiectatic vessels. At the 12-month follow-up visit, an impressive improvement was recorded, with total absorption of the submacular exudate and visual acuity being 20/30. At the 20-month follow-up visit, his visual acuity was 20/20 and the retina was flat with no signs of macular edema or exudates. At the 6-year follow-up visit, the patient was absolutely stable.
Discussion: Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels have been demonstrated in Coats disease. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents assist to the decrease of vascular permeability of the capillary endothelial cells, thus increasing the efficiency of laser application.