Impact of Diabetes-Specific Nutritional Formulas versus Oatmeal on Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, GLP-1 and Postprandial Lipidemia

Nutrients. 2016 Jul 22;8(7):443. doi: 10.3390/nu8070443.

Abstract

Diabetes-specific nutritional formulas (DSNFs) are frequently used as part of medical nutrition therapy for patients with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate postprandial (PP) effects of 2 DSNFs; Glucerna (GL) and Ultra Glucose Control (UGC) versus oatmeal (OM) on glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG). After an overnight fast, 22 overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes were given 200 kcal of each of the three meals on three separate days in random order. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Glucose area under the curve (AUC0-240) after GL and UGC was lower than OM (p < 0.001 for both). Insulin positive AUC0-120 after UGC was higher than after OM (p = 0.02). GLP-1 AUC0-120 and AUC0-240 after GL and UGC was higher than after OM (p < 0.001 for both). FFA and TG levels were not different between meals. Intake of DSNFs improves PP glucose for 4 h in comparison to oatmeal of similar caloric level. This is achieved by either direct stimulation of insulin secretion or indirectly by stimulating GLP-1 secretion. The difference between their effects is probably related to their unique blends of amino acids, carbohydrates and fat.

Keywords: clinical nutrition; diabetes; meal replacement; medical food; nutritional formula; obesity.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Controlled Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Avena / chemistry
  • Body Mass Index
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diet therapy*
  • Diet, Diabetic / methods
  • Diet, Reducing / methods
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / therapeutic use
  • Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Food, Formulated*
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / blood
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
  • Glycemic Index
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / prevention & control*
  • Hyperinsulinism / prevention & control*
  • Hyperlipidemias / prevention & control*
  • Male
  • Meals
  • Middle Aged
  • Overweight / complications
  • Overweight / diet therapy*
  • Seeds / chemistry

Substances

  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
  • Glucerna
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • hemoglobin A1c protein, human
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1