Bioactive Dibenzo-α-pyrone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Rhizopycnis vagum Nitaf22

J Nat Prod. 2016 Aug 26;79(8):2022-31. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00327. Epub 2016 Jul 21.

Abstract

Six new dibenzo-α-pyrones, rhizopycnolides A (1) and B (2) and rhizopycnins A-D (3-6), together with eight known congeners (7-14), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Rhizopycnis vagum Nitaf22 obtained from Nicotiana tabacum. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated using NMR, HRESIMS, TDDFT ECD calculation, and X-ray crystallography data. Rhizopycnolides A (1) and B (2) feature an uncommon γ-butyrolactone-fused dibenzo-α-pyrone tetracyclic skeleton (6/6/6/5), while rhizopycnin B (4) was the first amino group containing dibenzo-α-pyrone. Rhizopycnolides A (1) and B (2) are proposed to be biosynthesized from polyketide and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. The isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. Among them, rhizopycnolide A (1), rhizopycnins C (5) and D (6), TMC-264 (8), penicilliumolide D (11), and alternariol (12) were active against the tested pathogenic bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Ralstonia solanacearum, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria with MIC values in the range 25-100 μg/mL. Rhizopycnin D (6) and TMC-264 (8) strongly inhibited the spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae with IC50 values of 9.9 and 12.0 μg/mL, respectively. TMC-264 (8) showed potent cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780) with IC50 values of 3.2-7.8 μM.

MeSH terms

  • 4-Butyrolactone / chemistry
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens / drug effects
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antifungal Agents / chemistry
  • Antifungal Agents / isolation & purification
  • Antifungal Agents / pharmacology*
  • Ascomycota / chemistry*
  • Bacillus subtilis / drug effects
  • Bacillus subtilis / metabolism
  • Chromones / chemistry
  • Chromones / isolation & purification*
  • Chromones / pharmacology*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • HCT116 Cells
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / chemistry
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Lactones / pharmacology
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nicotiana / microbiology
  • Polyketides / chemistry
  • Polyketides / isolation & purification*
  • Polyketides / pharmacology*
  • Pseudomonas / drug effects
  • Ralstonia solanacearum / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus / drug effects
  • Xanthomonas vesicatoria / drug effects

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antifungal Agents
  • Chromones
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring
  • Lactones
  • Polyketides
  • TMC-264
  • alternariol
  • 4-Butyrolactone