Differential Response of Coral Assemblages to Thermal Stress Underscores the Complexity in Predicting Bleaching Susceptibility

PLoS One. 2016 Jul 20;11(7):e0159755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159755. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Coral bleaching events have been predicted to occur more frequently in the coming decades with global warming. The susceptibility of corals to bleaching during thermal stress episodes is dependent on many factors and an understanding of these underlying drivers is crucial for conservation management. In 2013, a mild bleaching episode ensued in response to elevated sea temperature on the sediment-burdened reefs in Singapore. Surveys of seven sites highlighted variable bleaching susceptibility among coral genera-Pachyseris and Podabacia were the most impacted (31% of colonies of both genera bleached). The most susceptible genera such as Acropora and Pocillopora, which were expected to bleach, did not. Susceptibility varied between less than 6% and more than 11% of the corals bleached, at four and three sites respectively. Analysis of four of the most bleached genera revealed that a statistical model that included a combination of the factors (genus, colony size and site) provided a better explanation of the observed bleaching patterns than any single factor alone. This underscored the complexity in predicting the coral susceptibility to future thermal stress events and the importance of monitoring coral bleaching episodes to facilitate more effective management of coral reefs under climate change.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anthozoa / physiology*
  • Climate Change
  • Coral Reefs*
  • Ecosystem*
  • Global Warming*
  • Singapore
  • Temperature

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (Grant number: R347-000-215-490, http://www.mpa.gov.sg/) granted to LMC. This study is part of the project “Enhancing Singapore’s Coral Reef Ecosystem in a Green Port”. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. One of the authors, EG is employed by a commercial company: DHI Water and Environment. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for EG, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.