This chapter describes the topic of gene therapy based on colloidal drug delivery, as an alternative to the use of viral carriers. Non-viral vectors are promising transfection agents and do not suffer from limitations related to toxicity and immunogenic effects. In particular, lipid-based aggregates are generally considered biocompatible and versatile nanocarriers whose composition can be designed to include a cationic molecule which ensures strong interaction with nucleic acid. Herein the main issues related to complex formation and in vitro administration are illustrated with key examples, such as liposome-DNA plasmid (pDNA) association and micelles-siRNA complexes.
Keywords: Cationic micelles; Gene therapy; Lipoplex; Plasmid transfection; siRNA.