Abstract
The diagnosis of a nutcracker syndrome can be aggravated by overlap of a nutcracker phenomenon with other pathologies. In patients with nutcracker anatomy and predominantly pelvic congestion symptoms, ovarian vein embolization without left renal vein stenting could be considered a first line therapy.
Keywords:
Nutcracker phenomenon; embolisation; nutcracker syndrome; pelvic venous congestion syndrome.
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Angiography, Digital Subtraction
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Catheterization / methods*
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Embolization, Therapeutic / methods*
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Female
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Humans
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography
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Ovary / blood supply*
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Pelvic Pain / etiology
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Pelvic Pain / therapy
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Pelvis / blood supply*
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Varicose Veins / complications
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Varicose Veins / diagnostic imaging
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Varicose Veins / pathology
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Varicose Veins / therapy
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Veins / pathology
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Venous Insufficiency / complications
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Venous Insufficiency / therapy*