In the present study we report the interactions of four types of different nanoparticles with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To our research we chose four types of nanoparticles which possess therapeutic properties (Trastuzumab, ethylene-diamine-tetra-methylene-phosphonic for breast and bone cancers treatment, respectively) or can be used as the ingredients of sun-protected films (nanoemulsions with or without chitosan). By carrying out XTT survival assay we observed that both types of tested nanoemulsions suppressed the proliferation of normal lymphocytes. However, the survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after incubation neither with Trastuzumab nor with ethylene-diamine-tetra-methylene-phosphonic nanoparticles decreased below 80%. If the investigated nanoparticles were analyzed for their effectiveness to the induction of programmed cell death, we proved that only nanoemulsions with or without chitosan provoked an increase of the fraction of apoptotic cells. Moreover we noticed the characteristic, typical for apoptosis changes of cells morphology, which appeared in lymphocytes after all tested nanoparticles treatment. Interestingly, representative for necrosis swollen, enlarged cells were observed after nanoemulsions treatment.