Splenic cysts are rare in the United States but more common in regions of the world where Echinococcus is endemic. Cysts are typically classified as true cysts or pseudocysts. True cysts can be parasitic or nonparasitic in origin, whereas most pseudocysts are a result of previous trauma. Recent recognition of features shared by true cysts and pseudocysts suggests the classification system may need to be revised. The prevalence of splenic cysts has increased secondary to the widespread use of abdominal imaging and successful nonoperative management of traumatic splenic injuries. Treatment previously consisted primarily of total splenectomy. However, recognition of the importance of the spleen throughout a patient's life has led to changes in the management of splenic disease. Advances in the testing and preoperative localization of splenic lesions have also led to increased efforts in splenic conservation. [Pediatr Ann. 2016;45(7):e251-e256.].
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