Long-term outcome and predictors of outcome in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background: The study objectives were to identify predictors of outcome and to assess the long-term outcome in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods and results: From 2004 to 2008, 206 consecutive patients (age 52.1±12.6years) with non-ischemic DCM were prospectively enrolled in the study and followed up for a mean of 55.6±18.4months. Predictors of outcome were identified in a multivariable analysis with a Cox proportional hazards analysis. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality or heart transplantation. During the follow-up period 47 patients died (22.8%) and 5 patients (2.4%) underwent heart transplantation for end-stage heart failure. For the primary end point, a systolic LVEF <35% (hazard ratio 2.56; 95% confidence interval 1.21-5.45; p=0.014), a prolonged QTc interval >440ms (hazard ratio 2.56; 95% confidence interval 1.24-3.83; p=0.007) and a GFR <60ml/min/1.73m(2) (hazard ratio 2.42; 95% confidence interval 1.36-4.29; p=0.003) were identified as independent predictors, whereas the presence of an LBBB, atrial fibrillation, mild mitral regurgitation or treatment with digitalis were not significantly related to outcome.

Conclusions: In patients with non-ischemic DCM, a reduced systolic LVEF <35%, a prolonged QTc interval >440ms and an abnormal renal function with a GFR <60ml/min/1.73m(2) are independent predictors of death or need for heart transplantation.

Keywords: Dilated cardiomyopathy; Long-term survival; Predictors of outcome.