Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingosine containing lipid intermediate obtained from ceramide. S1P is known to be an important signaling molecule and plays multiple roles in the context of immunity. This lysophospholipid binds and activates G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as S1P receptors 1-5 (S1P1-5). Once activated, these GPCRs mediate signaling that can lead to alterations in cell proliferation, survival or migration, and can also have other effects such as promoting angiogenesis. In this review, we will present evidence demonstrating a role for S1P in lymphocyte migration, inflammation and infection, as well as in cancer. The therapeutic potential of targeting S1P receptors, kinases and lyase will also be discussed.
Keywords:
FTY720; S1P; lymphocyte trafficking; sphingosine.
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Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / immunology*
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Disease Models, Animal
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride / pharmacology
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Hematologic Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Hematologic Neoplasms / immunology
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Hematologic Neoplasms / metabolism
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Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Humans
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Immune System / cytology
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Immune System / immunology
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Immune System / metabolism
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Immunosuppressive Agents / pharmacology
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Infections / etiology*
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Infections / metabolism*
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Inflammation / etiology*
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Inflammation / metabolism*
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Lymphocytes / immunology*
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Lymphocytes / metabolism*
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Lysophospholipids / metabolism*
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Signal Transduction* / drug effects
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Sphingosine / analogs & derivatives*
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Sphingosine / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
Substances
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Cytokines
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Immunosuppressive Agents
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Lysophospholipids
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Transcription Factors
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sphingosine 1-phosphate
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride
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Sphingosine