[The new challenge in oncology: Next-generation sequencing and its application in precision medicine]

Abstract

Precision Medicine is an emerging approach for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of genetic diseases that enables clinicians to more accurately predict which treatment strategy will be optimal in a patient. The aim of Precision Medicine in Oncology is to integrate clinical, histological, and molecular data in order to obtain a deeper knowledge about the biology and genetics of an individual's tumour. Over the last few years, the implementation of new NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies into clinical practice has been essential. There is a wide variety of NGS techniques that can be used in this context. The correct interpretation of molecular changes detected by these techniques is paramount for their appropriate use. In this review, a discussion is presented on the main NGS sequencing technologies that can be used to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of oncology patients.

Keywords: Cancer genetics; Genética del cáncer; High yield sequencing; Medicina de precisión; Precision medicine; Secuenciación de alto rendimiento.