Lytic Promoters Express Protein during Herpes Simplex Virus Latency

PLoS Pathog. 2016 Jun 27;12(6):e1005729. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005729. eCollection 2016 Jun.

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has provided the prototype for viral latency with previously well-defined acute or lytic and latent phases. More recently, the deep quiescence of HSV latency has been questioned with evidence that lytic genes can be transcribed in this state. However, to date the only evidence that these transcripts might be translated has come from immunological studies that show activated T cells persist in the nervous system during latency. Here we use a highly sensitive Cre-marking model to show that lytic and latent phases are less clearly defined in two significant ways. First, around half of the HSV spread leading to latently infected sites occurred beyond the initial acute infection and second, we show direct evidence that lytic promoters can drive protein expression during latency.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / physiology*
  • Herpes Simplex / virology*
  • Herpesvirus 1, Human / physiology*
  • Mice
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Virus Latency / physiology*

Substances

  • RNA, Viral

Grants and funding

This work was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia (http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/) under project grants: APP1005846 and APP1084342 and Senior Research Fellowship: APP1104329. Also under Future Fellowship FT110100310, from the Australian Research Council (http://www.arc.gov.au/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.