Impact of combined CO2 laser irradiation and fluoride on enamel and dentin biofilm-induced mineral loss

Marcella Esteves-Oliveira; Karim Fawzy El-Sayed; Christof Dörfer; Falk Schwendicke

doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1893-1

Impact of combined CO₂ laser irradiation and fluoride on enamel and dentin biofilm-induced mineral loss

Clin Oral Investig. 2017 May;21(4):1243-1250. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1893-1. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Authors

Marcella Esteves-Oliveira¹, Karim Fawzy El-Sayed², Christof Dörfer², Falk Schwendicke³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry (ZPP), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. mestevesoliveira@ukaachen.de.
² Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
³ Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin,, Germany.

PMID: 27337977
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1893-1

Abstract

Objectives: The caries-protective effects of CO₂ laser irradiation on dental enamel have been demonstrated using chemical demineralization models. We compared the effect of CO₂ laser irradiation, sodium fluoride, or both on biofilm-induced mineral loss (∆Z) and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to enamel and dentin in vitro.

Materials and methods: Ground, polished bovine enamel, and dentin samples were allocated to four groups (n = 12/group): no treatment (C); single 22,600-ppm fluoride (F) varnish (5 % NaF) application; single CO₂ laser treatment (L) with short pulses (5 μs/λ = 10.6 μm); and laser and subsequent fluoride treatment (LF). Samples were sterilized and submitted to an automated mono-species S. mutans biofilm model. Brain heart infusion plus 5 % sucrose medium was provided eight times daily, followed by rinses with artificial saliva. After 10 days, bacterial numbers in biofilms were enumerated as colony-forming units/ml (CFU/ml) (n = 7/group). ∆Z was assessed using transversal microradiography (n = 12/group). Univariate ANOVA with post hoc Tukey honestly-significant-difference test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Bacterial numbers were significantly higher on dentin than enamel (p < 0.01/ANOVA). On dentin, LF yielded significantly lower CFUs than other groups (p = 0.03/Tukey), while no differences between groups were found for enamel. The lowest ∆Z in enamel was observed for L (mean/SD 2036/1353 vol%×μm), which was not only significantly lower than C (9642/2452 vol%×μm) and F (7713/1489 vol%×μm) (p < 0.05) but also not significantly different from LF (3135/2628 vol%×μm) (p > 0.05). In dentin, only LF (163/227) significantly reduced ∆Z (p < 0.05).

Conclusion/clinical relevance: CO₂ laser irradiation did not increase adhesion of S. mutans in vitro. Laser treatment alone protected enamel against biofilm-induced demineralization, while a combined laser-fluoride application was required to protect dentin.

Keywords: Biofilm(s); CO2 laser; Caries model; Dental plaque/plaque biofilms; Microbial ecology; Streptococcus mutans.

MeSH terms

Animals
Bacterial Adhesion / drug effects
Bacterial Adhesion / radiation effects
Biofilms / drug effects*
Biofilms / radiation effects*
Cattle
Dental Enamel / drug effects*
Dental Enamel / radiation effects*
Dentin / drug effects*
Dentin / radiation effects*
Fluorides, Topical / pharmacology*
In Vitro Techniques
Lasers, Gas*
Microradiography
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Random Allocation
Sodium Fluoride
Streptococcus mutans / drug effects
Streptococcus mutans / radiation effects
Surface Properties
Tooth Demineralization / prevention & control*

Substances

Fluorides, Topical
sodium fluoride topical preparation
Sodium Fluoride