A review of the environmental distribution, fate, and control of tetrabromobisphenol A released from sources

Abstract

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a high use brominated flame retardant (BFR), raising concerns of widespread pollution and harm to human and ecological health. BFR manufacturing, TBBPA-based product manufacturing, e-waste recycling, and wastewater treatment plants have been identified as the main emission point sources. This paper discusses the occurrence, distribution, and fate of TBBPA from source to the environment. After release to the environment, TBBPA may undergo adsorption, photolysis, and biological degradation. Exposure of humans and biota is also discussed along with the role of treatment and regulations in reducing release of TBBPA to the environment and exposure risks. In general this review found stronger enforcement of existing legislation, and investment in treatment of e-waste plastics and wastewater from emission point sources could be effective methods in reducing release and exposure of TBBPA in the environment.

Keywords: Brominated flame retardant; Control; Distribution; Fate; Tetrabromobisphenol a.