Acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill children is frequently a component of the multiple organ failure syndrome. It occurs within the framework of the severe catabolic phase determined by critical illness and is intensified by metabolic derangements. Nutritional support is a must for these children to improve outcomes. Meeting the special nutritional needs of these children often requires nutritional supplementation by either the enteral or the parenteral route. Since critically ill children with AKI comprise a heterogeneous group of subjects with varying nutrient needs, nutritional requirements should be frequently reassessed, individualized and carefully integrated with renal replacement therapy. This article is a state-of-the-art review of nutrition in critically ill children with AKI.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Children; Dialysis; Enteral nutrition; Nutrition.