Absence of progression, not extent of tumour shrinkage, defines prognosis in soft-tissue sarcoma - An analysis of the EORTC 62012 study of the EORTC STBSG

Abstract

Background: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of first-line treatment in metastatic or advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). Age, performance status, tumour histology and tumour grade are recognised prognostic factors; however, the prognostic value of tumour response and tumour shrinkage is ill-defined.

Methods: Patients recruited to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 62012 trial with advanced intermediate or high-grade STS, who received at least one cycle of chemotherapy and one tumour assessment of response, were eligible for this study. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) by tumour response were computed using a landmark approach after two, four, and six cycles of chemotherapy. The prognostic role of the kinetics of tumour response was analysed by Cox proportional hazards.

Results: Three hundred eighty-nine patients were included in this study. Compared to stable or responding patients, patients with progressive disease (PD) after two, four and six cycles of chemotherapy achieved a worse OS: hazard ratio [HR] 2.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72-4.00), p < 0.001; HR 2.23 (95% CI 1.4-3.56), p = 0.0001; and HR 3.16 (95% CI 1.96-5.08), p = 0.0001, respectively. However, patients with stable or responding disease achieved similar OS outcomes. Correspondingly, patients with an increase in tumour size by 10% or more correlated with a worse OS in Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Conclusions: No association between prognosis and amount of tumour shrinkage was detected. Interestingly, an increase in tumour size by at least 10% correlated with a worse OS, but re-defining PD as a ≥10% increase in tumour size did not translate into a better discrimination of survival outcomes for responders versus stable disease. Disease control rather than tumour response is a valuable end-point in advanced or metastatic STS receiving palliative anthracycline-based chemotherapy, supporting the use of time-to-event end-points in future STS trials.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; Prognosis; Soft-tissue sarcoma; Tumour shrinkage.