Gene silencing and sex determination by programmed DNA elimination in parasitic nematodes

Curr Opin Microbiol. 2016 Aug:32:120-127. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 Jun 14.

Abstract

Maintenance of genome integrity is essential. However, programmed DNA elimination removes specific DNA sequences from the genome during development. DNA elimination occurs in unicellular ciliates and diverse metazoa ranging from nematodes to vertebrates. Two distinct groups of nematodes use DNA elimination to silence germline-expressed genes in the soma (ascarids) or for sex determination (Strongyloides spp.). Data suggest that DNA elimination likely evolved independently in these nematodes. Recent studies indicate that differential CENP-A deposition within chromosomes defines which sequences are retained and lost during Ascaris DNA elimination. Additional studies are needed to determine the distribution, functions, and mechanisms of DNA elimination in nematodes.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ascaris / genetics*
  • Ascaris / physiology
  • Base Sequence / genetics*
  • Centromere Protein A / metabolism
  • DNA, Protozoan / genetics
  • Female
  • Gene Silencing / physiology*
  • Male
  • Sequence Deletion / genetics*
  • Sex Determination Processes / genetics*
  • Strongyloides / genetics*
  • Strongyloides / physiology

Substances

  • Centromere Protein A
  • DNA, Protozoan