Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death that is mediated by receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and RIP3 kinases. Diverse receptors, including death receptors, Toll-like receptors, interferon receptors, and DAI DNA receptors are able to trigger necroptosis. The newly identified MLKL protein functions downstream of RIP1/RIP3 and is essential for the execution of necroptosis. Studies also indicate involvement of reactive oxygen species and calcium and sodium ions. Identification of the key mediators of necroptosis is critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the necroptotic process.
Keywords: MLKL; RIP3; ROS; calcium; necroptosis; sodium.