Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy

J Vis Exp. 2016 May 24:(111):53776. doi: 10.3791/53776.

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common lethal genetic diseases worldwide, caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. Exon skipping employs short DNA/RNA-like molecules called antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) that restore the reading frame and produce shorter but functional proteins. However, exon skipping therapy faces two major hurdles: limited applicability (up to only 13% of patients can be treated with a single AON drug), and uncertain function of truncated proteins. These issues were addressed with a cocktail AON approach. While approximately 70% of DMD patients can be treated by single exon skipping (all exons combined), one could potentially treat more than 90% of DMD patients if multiple exon skipping using cocktail antisense drugs can be realized. The canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD) dog model, whose phenotype is more similar to human DMD patients, was used to test the systemic efficacy and safety of multi-exon skipping of exons 6 and 8. The CXMD dog model harbors a splice site mutation in intron 6, leading to a lack of exon 7 in dystrophin mRNA. To restore the reading frame in CXMD requires multi-exon skipping of exons 6 and 8; therefore, CXMD is a good middle-sized animal model for testing the efficacy and safety of multi-exon skipping. In the current study, a cocktail of antisense morpholinos targeting exon 6 and exon 8 was designed and it restored dystrophin expression in body-wide skeletal muscles. Methods for transfection/injection of cocktail oligos and evaluation of the efficacy and safety of multi-exon skipping in the CXMD dog model are presented.

Publication types

  • Video-Audio Media

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dogs
  • Dystrophin / genetics
  • Exons*
  • Genetic Therapy / methods
  • Morpholinos / administration & dosage
  • Morpholinos / chemistry
  • Morpholinos / genetics
  • Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / genetics*
  • Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / therapy*
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / administration & dosage*
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / chemistry
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • Transfection

Substances

  • Dystrophin
  • Morpholinos
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense
  • RNA, Messenger