A Functionally Superior Second-Generation Vector Expressing an Aurora Kinase-A-Specific T-Cell Receptor for Anti-Leukaemia Adoptive Immunotherapy

PLoS One. 2016 Jun 7;11(6):e0156896. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156896. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Aurora Kinase A is a cancer-associated protein normally involved in the regulation of mitosis. Being over-expressed in a range of cancers, it is a suitable target for cell-based immunotherapy. Gene transfer of T-cell receptor sequences cognisant of HLA-A*0201-restricted Aurora Kinase A antigen has previously been shown to transfer specific immunoreactivity against the target peptide in a Human Lymphocyte Antigen-restricted manner. While T cell receptor gene-transfer has great potential in overcoming the difficulties of isolating and expanding tumour-reactive lymphocytes from a patient's own cells, one hurdle is potential mispairing and competition between exogenous and endogenous T cell receptor chains. We have used a retroviral vector design bearing a short-interfering RNA that downregulates endogenous T cell receptor chains, without affecting expression of the transgenic T cell receptor sequences. The T cell receptor expression cassette also includes a 2A self-cleaving peptide, resulting in equimolar expression of the T cell receptor alpha and beta chains, further enhancing formation of the desired T cell receptor. Via a simple, modular cloning method, we have cloned the alpha and beta chains of the anti-Aurora Kinase A-reactive T cell receptor into this 'siTCR' vector. We then compared the activity of this vector against the original, 'conventional' vector across a panel of assays. T cell receptors expressed from the siTCR-vector retained the cytotoxic functionality of the original vector, with evidence of reduced off-target reactivity. The rate of expression of correctly-formed T cell receptors was superior using the siTCR design, and this was achieved at lower vector copy numbers. Maintaining T cell receptor efficacy with a reduced vector copy number reduces the risk of genotoxicity. The siTCR design also reduces the risk of mispairing and cross-reactivity, while increasing the functional titre. Such improvements in the safety of T cell receptor gene-transfer will be crucial for clinical applications of this technology.

MeSH terms

  • Aurora Kinase A / genetics
  • Aurora Kinase A / immunology*
  • Cell Line
  • Down-Regulation
  • Genetic Vectors / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive / methods*
  • Leukemia / therapy*
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / genetics*
  • Retroviridae / genetics

Substances

  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • AURKA protein, human
  • Aurora Kinase A

Grants and funding

This work was supported in part by grants from the following: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (https://www.jsps.go.jp/jgrantsinaid/), grant numbers KAKEN 15H04858 (MY) and 15K09506 (HF); Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics (http://www.amed.go.jp/en/program/list/01/03/010.html) (MY); a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MY); a grant from Takeda science Foundation (MY); a grant from the Uehara Memorial Foundation (MY); and a grant from Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund (MY). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Two of the authors are employed by Takara Bio Inc. This funder provided support in the form of salaries for these authors (S.O. and J.M.). This funder also provided the original siTCR vector (as noted in the Materials and Methods), and provides research funding to co-author HS for work not related to this study. This funder did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. Takara Bio Inc. provided the salaries for these two employees, and provided the original siTCR vector, but played no role in study design, data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, nor the preparation of the manuscript.