The article states the reasons defining the high relevance and significance of disinfection measures in modern conditions, reports general and specific problems of ensuring disinfection during medical service day-to-day activities. The directions of development of chemical and technical disinfectants and methods for'their use on different objects and under various climatic conditions are determined. It was shown that the crucial condition for implementation of theoretical and practical ways of improving disinfection affairs is a comprehensive approach based on concerted efforts of all authorities of Russian Armed Forces Medical Services, research and sanitary-epidemiological institutions, as well as relevant chars of the Military Medical Academy in close cooperation with representatives of domestic industry.