The ankle represents the most commonly injured weightbearing joint in the human body. They are typically the result of low-energy, rotational injury mechanisms. However, ankle fractures represent a spectrum of injury patterns from simple to very complex, with varying incidence of posttraumatic arthritis. Stable injury patterns can be treated nonoperatively; unstable injury patterns are typically treated operatively given that they could lead to severe arthritis if not properly addressed.
Keywords: Ankle fracture; Ankle fracture rehabilitation; Deltoid ligament rupture; Lateral malleolar fracture; Review; State-of-the-art; Syndesmotic instability.
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