Stillbirth and dystocia are major factors that negatively affect beef production. We sought to clarify serum selenium and liposoluble vitamin levels in Japanese Black cows that gave birth to stillborn calves (stillbirth cows). Blood samples were collected from 103 stillbirth cows and 95 cows that gave birth to healthy calves (control cows). Serum levels of selenium (45.8 ± 16.0 ng/ml) and vitamin A (73.0 ± 24.8 IU/dl) in stillbirth cows were lower (P<0.05) than those in control cows (52.2 ± 8.9 ng/ml and 93.3 ± 14.8 IU/dl, respectively). Our findings suggest that appropriate serum selenium and vitamin A levels are important for calving cows.