Stabilization of red fruit-based smoothies by high-pressure processing. Part A. Effects on microbial growth, enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity and physical stability

J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Feb;97(3):770-776. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7796. Epub 2016 Jun 15.

Abstract

Background: Non-thermal pasteurization by high-pressure processing (HPP) is increasingly replacing thermal processing (TP) to maintain the properties of fresh fruit products. However, most of the research on HPP-fruit products only partially addresses fruit-pressure interaction, which limits its practical interest. The objective of this study was to assess the use of a mild HPP treatment to stabilize red fruit-based smoothies (microbial, enzymatic, oxidative and physical stability).

Results: HPP (350 MPa/10 °C/5 min) was slightly less effective than TP (85 °C/7 min) in inactivating microbes (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts and moulds) in smoothies kept at 4 °C for up to 28 days. The main limitation of using HPP was its low efficacy in inactivating oxidative (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) and hydrolytic (pectin methyl esterase) enzymes. Data on antioxidant status, colour parameters, browning index, transmittance, turbidity and viscosity confirmed that the HPP-smoothies have a greater tendency towards oxidation and clarification, which might lead to undesirable sensory and nutritional changes (see Part B).

Conclusion: The microbial quality of smoothies was adequately controlled by mild HPP treatment without affecting their physical-chemical characteristics; however, oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes are highly pressure-resistant, which suggests that additional strategies should be used to stabilize smoothies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Keywords: clarification; high pressure; non-thermal pasteurization; oxidation; red fruit; smoothie.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants / analysis*
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Beverages / analysis*
  • Beverages / microbiology
  • Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / chemistry
  • Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / metabolism
  • Enzyme Stability
  • Food Preservation*
  • Food Quality*
  • Food Storage*
  • Fruit / chemistry*
  • Fruit / enzymology
  • Fruit / microbiology
  • Fungi / growth & development
  • Fungi / isolation & purification
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / growth & development
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Gram-Positive Bacteria / growth & development
  • Gram-Positive Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Hot Temperature / adverse effects
  • Maillard Reaction
  • Microbial Viability
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxidoreductases / chemistry
  • Oxidoreductases / metabolism
  • Pigments, Biological / analysis
  • Pigments, Biological / chemistry
  • Plant Proteins, Dietary / chemistry
  • Plant Proteins, Dietary / metabolism*
  • Pressure / adverse effects
  • Refrigeration
  • Spain
  • Viscosity

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Pigments, Biological
  • Plant Proteins, Dietary
  • Oxidoreductases
  • Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
  • pectinesterase