Communication skills of tutors and family medicine physician residents in Primary Care clinics

Aten Primaria. 2016 Dec;48(10):632-641. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2015.12.002. Epub 2016 May 5.

Abstract

Aim: To determine the communicative profiles of family physicians and the characteristics associated with an improved level of communication with the patient.

Design: A descriptive multicentre study.

Location: Primary Healthcare Centres in Almeria, Granada, Jaen and Huelva.

Participants: 119 family physicians (tutors and 4th year resident physicians) filmed and observed with patients.

Principal measurements: Demographic and professional characteristics. Analysis of the communication between physicians and patients, using a CICAA (Connect, Identify, Understand, Agree and Assist, in English) scale. A descriptive, bivariate, multiple linear regression analysis was performed.

Results: There were 436 valid interviews. Almost 100% of physicians were polite and friendly, facilitating a dialogue with the patient and allowing them to express their doubts. However, few physicians attempted to explore the state of mind of the patient, or enquire about their family situation or any important stressful events, nor did they ask open questions. Furthermore, few physicians summarised the information gathered. The mean score was 21.43±5.91 points (maximum 58). There were no differences in the total score between gender, city, or type of centre. The linear regression verified that the highest scores were obtained from tutors (B: 2.98), from the duration of the consultations (B: 0.63), and from the age of the professionals (B: -0.1).

Conclusion: Physicians excel in terms of creating a friendly environment, possessing good listening skills, and providing the patient with information. However the ability to empathise, exploring the psychosocial sphere, carrying out shared decision-making, and asking open questions must be improved. Being a tutor, devoting more time to consultations, and being younger, results in a significant improvement in communication with the patient.

Objetivo: Conocer el perfil comunicacional de los médicos de familia y las caracteristicas asociadas a una mejor comunicación con el paciente.

Diseño: Estudio descriptivo multicéntrico.

Emplazamiento: Centros de salud de atención primaria de Almería, Granada, Jaén y Huelva.

Participantes: Ciento diecinueve médicos de familia (tutores y residentes de 4.° año) videograbados en consulta.

Mediciones principales: Características demográficas y profesionales. Análisis de la comunicación médico-paciente mediante la escala Conectar, Identificar y Comprender, Acordar y Ayudar (CICAA). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, bivariable y de regresión lineal múltiple.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron 436 entrevistas válidas. Casi el 100% se muestran corteses y amables, facilitan el discurso del paciente y permiten que exprese sus dudas. En cambio, pocos profesionales resumen la información, exploran el estado de ánimo del paciente, su entorno familiar, acontecimientos vitales estresantes o emplean preguntas abiertas. La puntuación media fue de 21.43 ± 5.91 puntos (máximo 58). No existieron diferencias en la puntuación por sexo, ciudad o tipo de centro. Mediante regresión lineal múltiple se comprueba que una mayor puntuación se relaciona con ser tutor (B:2.98), el tiempo de consulta (B:0.63) y la edad del profesional (B: −0,1).

Conclusiones: Los médicos destacan por crear un clima cálido, buena escucha e informar al paciente; en cambio, deberían mejorarse la empatía, la exploración de la esfera psicosocial, realizar preguntas abiertas y la toma de decisiones compartidas. Ser tutor, mayor tiempo de consulta y ser más joven se relacionan con una mejor comunicación con el paciente.

Keywords: Atención primaria de Salud; Communication; Comunicación; Internado y Residencia; Internships and residencies; Physician–patient relations; Primary healthcare; Relaciones Médico-Paciente.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Communication*
  • Family Practice / education*
  • Female
  • Health Facilities
  • Humans
  • Internship and Residency*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Physician-Patient Relations*
  • Primary Health Care*