Analysis of HSP90 Expression Is Valuable in the Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Squamous Lesions

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) expression in squamous lesions (SLs) and to assess its diagnostic value for different lesions within the SL spectrum.

Methods: A total of 70 conjunctival SLs, including 19 papillomas, 22 cases of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (ConINs) I, 11 cases of ConIN II, six cases of ConIN III, and 12 squamous carcinomas (sqCAs), were evaluated using the German immunoreactive score against HSP90.

Results: Cytoplasmic HSP90 expression differed between low- and high-grade lesions (P < .001). Among high-grade lesions, the nuclear HSP90 score was higher in the ConIN III-sqCA group than in the ConIN II group (P = .0162). A percentage of total thickness staining of less than 73% differentiated between ConIN III and sqCA.

Conclusions: The expression of HSP90 is particularly useful to differentiate low-grade from high-grade lesions of the conjunctiva. HSP90 may play an important role in the malignant transformation of SLs and could be a new target for therapy.

Keywords: HSP90; Immunohistochemistry; Ocular surface squamous neoplasia.