Parasites Sustain and Enhance RNA-Like Replicators through Spatial Self-Organisation

PLoS Comput Biol. 2016 Apr 27;12(4):e1004902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004902. eCollection 2016 Apr.

Abstract

In a prebiotic RNA world, parasitic behaviour may be favoured because template dependent replication happens in trans, thus being altruistic. Spatially extended systems are known to reduce harmful effects of parasites. Here we present a spatial system to show that evolution of replication is (indirectly) enhanced by strong parasites, and we characterise the phase transition that leads to this mode of evolution. Building on the insights of this analysis, we identify two scenarios, namely periodic disruptions and longer replication time-span, in which speciation occurs and an evolved parasite-like lineage enables the evolutionary increase of replication rates in replicators. Finally, we show that parasites co-evolving with replicators are selected to become weaker, i.e. worse templates for replication when the duration of replication is increased. We conclude that parasites may not be considered a problem for evolution in a prebiotic system, but a degree of freedom that can be exploited by evolution to enhance the evolvability of replicators, by means of emergent levels of selection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Computational Biology
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Genetic Speciation
  • Models, Biological*
  • Origin of Life
  • Parasites / genetics
  • Parasites / metabolism*
  • RNA / biosynthesis*
  • RNA / chemistry
  • RNA / genetics

Substances

  • RNA

Grants and funding

This work was funded by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) Grant number: 645.100.004 URL: http://www.nwo.nl/en/research-and-results/research-projects/i/41/23541.html. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.