The results of the latest research more and more bind development of neoplasms with the chronic inflammation. Inflammatory process creates microenvironment promoting development of neoplasms; as a result, malignant process start to develop in places, where chronic inflammation proceeds or regeneration of tissues takes place. Inflammatory cells not only create suitable microenvironment for development of neoplasms, but also excrete number of cytokines and growth factors promoting survival of a neoplasmatic cell and avoiding its apoptosis, promoting neoangiogenesis and metastases formation. Moreover, cytokines and other pro-inflammatory factors modulate expression of genes important in cancerogenesis, they also activate NFκB-dependent signaling pathways, which favor neoplasmatic cells to avoid apoptosis. On the other hand, oxidative stress accompanying chronic inflammation may promote mutagenesis, enabling that way the neoplasm development. The same cells and metabolic pathways are engaged in inflammatory and neoplasmatic processes, and development of cancer may be a consequence of loss of control over tissue regeneration during resolution of chronic inflammation. The role of most important cells and metabolic pathways in inflammatory process, which may lead to colon cancer, was discussed in this paper.