To reveal root endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria constitution of rice landraces in Yuanyang Terrace, isolation was carried out by tissue isolation method and soil dilution plate method for two landraces of Yuelianggu and Hongjiaolaojing. A total of 399 bacterial strains isolated were identified by morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical identification. The results showed that there were 8 genera isolated from the root of Yuelianggu and 5 genera from its rhizosphere soil, and 5 genera were same. For Hongjiaolaojing, there were 10 genera isolated from its root and 7 genera from its rhizosphere soil, and 6 genera were same. By molecular biology, identification, a total of 11 species and 5 genera were isolated from the root of Yuelianggu, 8 species and 4 genera from its rhizosphere soil, and 5 species and 4 genera were same. As for Hongjiaolaojing, there were 9 species and 5 genera isolated from its root, and 10 species and 3 genera from its rhizosphere soil, and 4 species and 2 genera were same. The results of physiological and biochemical characteristics identification method and molecular identification method were basically same at the genus level, while most of the strains could be identified to species by molecular identification. There were certain species homology and specificity in the root endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria of Yuanyang rice landraces.