Underweight Young Women Without Later Weight Gain Are at High Risk for Osteopenia After Midlife: The KOBE Study

J Epidemiol. 2016 Nov 5;26(11):572-578. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20150267. Epub 2016 Apr 23.

Abstract

Background: Although underweight young women are targets for interventions to prevent low bone mineral density (BMD), the relationship between change in body mass index (BMI) from youth to older age and BMD has not been widely investigated in community dwellers.

Methods: In 749 healthy Japanese women aged 40-74 years, BMD was measured by quantitative ultrasound and anthropometric measurements, and BMI was calculated from body weight and height. The BMI of participants at age 20 years was estimated by self-reported body weight and their present height. They were classified into four groups according to the presence of underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) at 20 and/or at present. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the presence of underweight at 20 and/or at present for osteopenia (BMD T score <-1 standard deviations) compared with participants with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 both at 20 and at present.

Results: The participants who were underweight both at 20 and at present had a higher OR for osteopenia compared with those with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 at 20 and at present (OR 3.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-7.89). Those underweight only at present also had significantly increased OR of developing osteopenia (OR 2.95; 95% CI, 1.67-5.24). The OR of those underweight only at 20 was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.51-1.48).

Conclusions: Current underweight was associated with increased risk for osteopenia among Japanese women, especially in those who were underweight both at 20 and at present. To prevent low BMD in the future, maintaining appropriate body weight might be effective for young underweight women.

背景:: 若年痩せ女性は将来の骨粗鬆症予防のターゲット集団であると考えられるが、地域住民において若年期以降の体重変化と骨密度との関連は明らかにされていない。

方法:: 都市部住民コホート研究「神戸トライアル」のベースライン調査(2010-11年度)を受けた40-75歳の女性749名を対象とした。調査時のbody mass index(BMI)は身長と体重の測定値より算出し、20歳時のBMIは調査時に聴取した20歳時の体重と調査時の身長から推定して、BMI18.5kg/m2未満を痩せとした。骨密度は調査時に踵骨で超音波法により測定し、Tスコア-1SD未満を低骨密度とした。20歳時・調査時ともに痩せでなかった群を対照に、20歳時かつ/または調査時に痩せであった群の、調査時に低骨密度であるリスクを、ロジスティック回帰分析により多変量調整オッズ比を算出して推定した。

結果:: 多変量調整オッズ比は、対照群に比べ、20歳時・調査時ともに痩せであった群で3.94 (95%信頼区間:1.97-7.89)と最も高く、また調査時のみ痩せだった群でも2.95 (1.67-5.24)と有意に高かった。20歳時のみ痩せで調査時は痩せでなかった群のオッズ比は0.87 (0.51-1.48)であった。

結論:: 若年期も中高年期も痩せでなかった群に比べ、どちらも痩せていた群では、中高年期に低骨密度であるリスクは有意に上昇したが、若年期は痩せでも中高年期に痩せでない群では、有意なリスクの上昇は認められなかった。若年期に痩せていても、それ以降にBMIが改善すれば、中高年期の低骨密度を予防できる可能性が示された。

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Body Mass Index
  • Bone Density
  • Bone Diseases, Metabolic / epidemiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Risk Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Thinness / epidemiology*
  • Weight Gain
  • Young Adult