The association between ethnicity, socioeconomic status and compliance to pediatric weight-management interventions - A systematic review

Abstract

Background: High dropout rates and low compliance to pediatric weight-management programs have been reported. Socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity have been suggested as potentially important determinants of dropout and non-compliance. This review aims to assess the association between SES, ethnicity and study- and intervention dropout and non-compliance among participants in pediatric weight-management programs.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, Web-of-Science and Google Scholar were searched for eligible studies up to March 2014. Included were randomised controlled trials (RCT), controlled clinical trials and cohort studies evaluating pediatric weight-management programs. Studies had to report dropout or non-compliance to the study or intervention with regard to ethnicity or SES. Associations between SES and ethnicity and dropout and non-compliance were analysed descriptively.

Results: Fourteen RCTs and 16 cohort studies were included, studying 7264 children and adolescents, aged 2-20 years. Twenty-four studies presented data on dropout or non-compliance regarding ethnicity and 26 studies presented data regarding SES. Black participants showed higher dropout rates in weight-management interventions (range 65-67%) than White participants (range 22-27%), and low family income was associated with lower compliance to weight-management interventions.

Conclusions: Black ethnicity and low family income seemed to be associated with higher dropout and lower compliance to pediatric weight-management interventions. Future qualitative studies may be needed to assess underlying reasons for increased dropout and non-compliance in these sub-populations.

Keywords: Compliance; Dropout; Ethnicity; Overweight; Socioeconomic status.