The acceptability of physical activity interventions to older adults: A systematic review and meta-synthesis

Abstract

Rationale: Physical activity can reduce the risk of chronic illnesses, frailty and deterioration of cognitive function in older adults yet few older adults meet recommended levels of physical activity. To increase engagement in physical activity, there is a need to better understand acceptability of physical activity interventions for this population.

Objective: This article presents a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies of independently living older adults' (≥65 years old) experiences of physical activity interventions in non-clinical contexts.

Methods: A systematic search yielded 2612 papers, of which 14 met inclusion criteria, and were synthesised using Thematic Synthesis. Inductive line-by-line coding led to the derivation of descriptive themes. An overview of the coded text allowed cross-case and within-case comparisons where both patterns and anomalies became apparent, informing the generation of analytical themes.

Findings: Older adults emphasised fun and enjoyment of social interaction as a motivation to be physically active. Retaining these social bonds could be important for maintenance of physical activity beyond an intervention. Doubts about capabilities or the necessity of moderate physical activity in later life were dispelled through experience of valued short-term functional and psychosocial outcomes. Relating these positive outcomes to being more active increased the perceived value of physical activity. Increased awareness of own capabilities within physical activity interventions translated into older adults being more physically active in other areas of their lives. Focusing on the role of physical activity in improving long-term health is unlikely to encourage participation of many older adults.

Conclusions: To increase engagement, interventions should focus on physical activity as a fun, sociable, achievable pastime for older adults with relevant short-term benefits.

Keywords: Acceptability; Enjoyment; Meta-synthesis; Older adults; Physical activity; Value.