Field experiments were conducted in winter wheat-growing season to investigate the effect of reduced water and diurnal warming on wheat biomass and soil respiration. The experimental treatments included the control (CK), 30% reduced water (W), diurnal warming (T, enhanced 2 degrees C), and the combined treatment (TW, 30% reduced water plus diurnal warming 2 degrees C). Soil respiration rate was measured using a static chamber-gas chromatograph technique. The results showed that in the winter wheat-growing season, compared to CK, T and TW treatments significantly increased shoot biomass by 46.0% (P = 0.002) and 19.8% (P = 0.032) during the elongation-booting stage, respectively. T and TW treatments also significantly increased the harvested shoot biomass by 19.8% (P = 0.050) and 34.6% (P = 0.028), respectively. On the other hand, W treatment had no significant effect on shoot biomass, and W, T, and TW treatments didn't significantly change the root biomass. T and W treatments had no significant effect on the mean respiration rate (MRR) of soil (P > 0.05). TW treatment significantly decreased soil MRR by 22.4% (P = 0.049). We also found T treatment decreased the temperature sensitivity coefficients of soil respiration (Q10). The results of our study suggested that compared to the single treatment (reduced water or diurnal warming), the combined treatment (reduced water plus diurnal warming) may have different effects on agroecosystem.