Architectural plasticity of AMPK revealed by electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography

Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 11:6:24191. doi: 10.1038/srep24191.

Abstract

Mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as an important sensor of cellular energy homeostasis related with AMP/ADP to ATP ratio. The overall architecture of AMPK has been determined in either homotrimer or monomer form by electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography successively. Accordingly proposed models have consistently revealed a key role of the α subunit linker in sensing adenosine nucleoside binding on the γ subunit and mediating allosteric regulation of kinase domain (KD) activity, whereas there are vital differences in orienting N-terminus of α subunit and locating carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of β subunit. Given that Mg(2+), an indispensable cofactor of AMPK was present in the EM sample preparation buffer however absent when forming crystals, here we carried out further reconstructions without Mg(2+) to expectably inspect if this ion may contribute to this difference. However, no essential alteration has been found in this study compared to our early work. Further analyses indicate that the intra-molecular movement of the KD and CBM are most likely due to the flexible linkage of the disordered linkers with the rest portion as well as a contribution from the plasticity in the inter-molecular assembly mode, which might ulteriorly reveal an architectural complication of AMPK.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / chemistry*
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Allosteric Regulation
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Ligands
  • Magnesium / chemistry
  • Magnesium / metabolism
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Multimerization
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Protein Subunits / chemistry
  • Protein Subunits / metabolism
  • Recombinant Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Proteins / isolation & purification

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Protein Subunits
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Magnesium