Non-randomised Ebola trials--lessons for optimal outbreak research

Affiliations

• ¹ Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Via Portuense, Rome 00149, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.ippolito@inmi.it.
• ² Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Via Portuense, Rome 00149, Italy.
• ³ Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditérranée Infection, Marseille, France.
• ⁴ Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
• ⁵ Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
• ⁶ Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
• ⁷ Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
• ⁸ Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁹ Emergency NGO, Milan, Italy.
• ¹⁰ Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Lambarene, Gabon.
• ¹¹ Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, UK.
• ¹² UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
• ¹³ UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.